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脚本查询

使用 script 查询根据 Painless 脚本语言编写的自定义条件筛选文档。此查询返回脚本评估结果为 true 的文档，从而启用无法使用标准查询表达的高级筛选逻辑。

script 查询的计算成本很高，应谨慎使用。仅在必要时使用，并确保 search.allow_expensive_queries 已启用（默认为 true）。有关更多信息，请参阅高成本查询。

示例

创建名为 products 的索引，并使用以下映射

PUT /products
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "title": { "type": "text" },
      "price": { "type": "float" },
      "rating": { "type": "float" }
    }
  }
}

使用以下请求索引示例文档

POST /products/_bulk
{ "index": { "_id": 1 } }
{ "title": "Wireless Earbuds", "price": 99.99, "rating": 4.5 }
{ "index": { "_id": 2 } }
{ "title": "Bluetooth Speaker", "price": 79.99, "rating": 4.8 }
{ "index": { "_id": 3 } }
{ "title": "Noise Cancelling Headphones", "price": 199.99, "rating": 4.7 }

基本脚本查询

返回评分高于 4.6 的产品

POST /products/_search
{
  "query": {
    "script": {
      "script": {
        "source": "doc['rating'].value > 4.6"
      }
    }
  }
}

返回的匹配项仅包含 rating 高于 4.6 的文档

{
  ...
  "hits": {
    "total": {
      "value": 2,
      "relation": "eq"
    },
    "max_score": 1,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "products",
        "_id": "2",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "title": "Bluetooth Speaker",
          "price": 79.99,
          "rating": 4.8
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "products",
        "_id": "3",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "title": "Noise Cancelling Headphones",
          "price": 199.99,
          "rating": 4.7
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

参数

script 查询接受以下顶层参数。

参数 必需/可选 描述
script.source 必需 评估结果为 true 或 false 的脚本代码。
script.params 可选 脚本中引用的用户定义参数。

使用脚本参数

您可以使用 params 安全地注入值，从而利用脚本编译缓存

POST /products/_search
{
  "query": {
    "script": {
      "script": {
        "source": "doc['price'].value < params.max_price",
        "params": {
          "max_price": 100
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

返回的匹配项仅包含 price 小于 100 的文档

{
  ...
  "hits": {
    "total": {
      "value": 2,
      "relation": "eq"
    },
    "max_score": 1,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "products",
        "_id": "1",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "title": "Wireless Earbuds",
          "price": 99.99,
          "rating": 4.5
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "products",
        "_id": "2",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "title": "Bluetooth Speaker",
          "price": 79.99,
          "rating": 4.8
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

组合多个条件

使用以下查询来搜索 rating 高于 4.5 且 price 低于 100 的产品

POST /products/_search
{
  "query": {
    "script": {
      "script": {
        "source": "doc['rating'].value > 4.5 && doc['price'].value < 100"
      }
    }
  }
}

只返回符合要求的文档

{
  "took": 12,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 1,
    "successful": 1,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": {
      "value": 1,
      "relation": "eq"
    },
    "max_score": 1,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "products",
        "_id": "2",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "title": "Bluetooth Speaker",
          "price": 79.99,
          "rating": 4.8
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}
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